This study was carried out to determine the economics of vegetable production in Yewa North Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of vegetable farmers, estimate the cost and return of vegetable production, determine the profitability of vegetable production. A multi stage sampling techniques was used to select 112 respondents. Information were collected through a well-structured questionnaire. Data obtained from the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Gross margin and Net Farm Income. Regression analysis was used to determine factors influencing the Net Farm Income.  The result showed that 52.7% of the respondents were female, 44.6% were between the age range of 41-50 years with average of 40 years, 60.7% were married and 86.6% of the respondents were literate. The result of the resource use efficiency indicated that farm size and quantity of seed are under-utilized resources. The Net Farm Income realized accounted for ₦5,621,800 and the gross margin analysis revealed a value of ₦80, 437.95 per respondents. The result implies that vegetable production is a profitable enterprise in the study area. The result of regression analysis shows that household size (X4) -1.447, farm size (X5) 2.325, and years of experience (X6) -1.118 were significant at 10% level. Major constraints affecting vegetable production were high cost of labour and poor transportation network. It was recommended that good road networks should be provided by the government to aid easy movement of farm produce to the designated location.