The role of rail transportation in the sectoral development and overall growth of any economy cannot be over emphasized. Although, there have been significant changes in railway systems throughout the world this research is a historic account of the development of railways in Nigeria, with particular reference to the Baro-kano railway line. The study discusses the development of the Baro-Kano rail line, to assess its impact on the socio-economic development of Minna and Baro towns.